Bucket Tooth Basics
Tooth Performance and Wear Life
Maximum performance and wear life are the two most important characteristics for replacement teeth. Working with constant abrasive material places extreme demands on both design and strength.
Design is directly related to performance while strength is directly related to wear life.
Tooth Penetration
Penetration is a key design consideration for all replacement teeth.
To achieve good penetration, a tooth must have a sharp point for initial ground entry.
The tooth blade must taper gradually enough to reduce resistance to penetration and yet be thick enough to avoid breakage.
The easier it is to penetrate the material…the less horsepower is required for operation.
Tooth Centerline vs. Non-Centerline Design
All centerline points are reversible to distribute wear and stay sharp.
Non-centerline points can be rotated to balance wear patterns, but they cannot be “flipped over” to resharpen.
To Achieve Good Tooth Penetration
1. Tooth must have sharp point.
2. Blade must taper gradually to reduce resistance.
3. Blade must be thick enough to avoid breakage.
Bucket Tooth Basics
Tooth Installation
The job of a tooth retainer is to withstand impacts or shocks transmitted through the tooth without breaking or falling out. It must also take up manufacturing tolerances so the tooth stays tight on the adapter.
The various types of “hardware” to install teeth are covered in detail within each section. These are some types of hardware or retainers used:
Flex Pin
Spring Pin
Horizontal Pin and Split Washer
Roll Pin
Groove Pin
Crimp-On
Pin and Lock
Quadrilok
Pin and Plug
Tooth Wear
It is a good idea to inspect bucket teeth, adapters, and the bucket condition daily. By determining wear patterns and rotating teeth, you can extend wear life and increase productivity which, in turn, provides you the greatest return for the money invested.
When using the right tooth and operating the bucket according to standard practice, a pattern will develop for normal wear. The tooth will maintain a profile similar to the original profile and it will continue to penetrate material
quickly and easily. But even when using the right tooth, tooth wear is seldom even. Teeth that are near bucket corners generally wear fastest. And a bucket that is regularly loaded at an angle will show uneven wear on the loading side. Rotating teeth will help equalize the wear. Bucket Tooth Basics
While teeth could assume the shape of a fist due to improper use of the bucket such as scraping, dragging, or banging, it is most likely that the wrong teeth are being used for the application. Using the wrong teeth for the
application takes more power to penetrate material and reduces productivity.
Tooth Breakage
Tooth wear is expected, but tooth breakage under normal working conditions is not!
Tooth breakage in extreme conditions – very hard abrasive material where blasting, ripping, or air hammering might be more effective – should be expected. Bucket Tooth Basics
The worst thing an operator can do is use the bucket with missing teeth. A missing tooth exposes the adapter nose piece to wear. Any amount of worn metal from the adapter nosepiece leaves an open pocket between the adapter and the replaced tooth. This open area allows the tooth to work back and forth. The adapter can no longer provide the support necessary to firmly attach the tooth to the bucket. To find out if the nosepiece is the reason for the tooth breakage, remove the tooth tip. If the nosepiece is worn, the original shank or adapter should be replaced.
Both abnormal wear and breakage can be prevented with the right choice of teeth. Some suggestions include reducing the size and length of the point or switching to a forged or cast tooth when material becomes harder and more abrasive. Bucket Tooth Basics
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